April 14, 2011
Topics: Science, Technology and Society in the Middle Ages
Technology in the Middle Ages
The Scientific Revolution
Preview:
Middle Ages ( Science, Technology and Society)
The plow is considered to be one of the most important (and oldest) technologies developed. In fact, the history of the plow stretches back to the Neolithic (New Stone) Age that began about 8000 BC in Mesopotamia. In the Middle Ages, however, the plow was radically improved and was used with multiple-oxen teams. This innovation facilitated the clearing of the forests of fertile northwest Europe (Gies & Gies, 1994). Before this time because of the nature of the soil, it was difficult to plow these fields. And, obviously, this inability to cultivate these fields reduced the population of northwest Europe.
Clocks are a fairly recent invention; that is, the first clocks were created about 5000 to 6000 years ago by the great civilizations in the Middle East and North Africa.
One of the most important developments in the Middle Ages was the experimentation and developments in iron production. In Europe by 900, there were significant changes in the production of iron. The above ground reduction furnace had been developed; this furnace allowed for the easier creation of iron.
Scientific Revolution
The scientific revolution did not happen all at once, nor did it begin at any set date. Realistically speaking, the scientific revolution that we associate with Galileo, Francis Bacon, and Isaac Newton, began much earlier. You can push the date back to the work of Nicolaus Copernicus at the beginning of the sixteenth century, or Leonardo da Vinci in the middle of the fifteenth. Even then, you haven't gone back far enough and you haven't included all the factors that contributed to the set of epistemological transformations that we call the scientific revolution.
three phases:
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy, and spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influence affected literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art.
A religious war is a war caused by, or justified by, religious differences. It can involve one state with an established religion against another state with a different religion or a different sect within the same religion, or a religiously motivated group attempting to spread its faith by violence, or to suppress another group because of its religious beliefs or practices.
The Restoration of the monarchy began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Interregnum that followed the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The term Restoration may apply both to the actual event by which the monarchy was restored, and to the period immediately following the event.
Source: wikipedia
Narrative/ Things I learned
From the list of topics, I learned the effects of scientific revolution in the society. It was the period of changes. It changed the ideas of science in a greater aspect. It is said before, science were limited but the changes brought the qualitative inventions needed in science.The phases of scientific revolution was renaissance, wars of religion and restoration that greatly affect the society. During the renaissance,there was a freedom of religion and the people was more focused on money and business matter. In the phase of wars of religion, the contrasting ideas were highlighted from different sectors regarding religion. Also in this phase the invention of telescope and microscope happened. In regards with these invention, Harvey, studied the circulation of blood. In the Restoration phase, the triumph of Science was achieved. There was a establishment rapid commercials and scientific societies. During this phase, unity between scientific societies was highlighted.
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